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Infertility & IVF

Infertility is more common than many realise. In Australia, around one-in-six couples experience difficulty conceiving after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.

For some, the cause is straightforward and easily corrected; for others, a combination of factors may contribute.

At Monash Obstetrics, our fertility specialists provide comprehensive investigations and treatment for infertility. Our goal is to identify the underlying cause, provide personalised guidance, and support you through all stages of your fertility journey – whether through natural conception, medical treatment, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as IVF.

Our fertility specialists works collaboratively with City Fertility Centre to ensure continuity of care and the best possible outcomes.

Understanding Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12-months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse (or 6-months for women over 35). It can affect both men and women equally – in about 40% of cases, the cause lies with the female partner, 30% with the male partner, and 30% involves both or remains unexplained.

Common causes include

  • Ovulatory disorders: Conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disease, or premature ovarian insufficiency can prevent regular egg release.
  • Tubal or uterine problems: Blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, fibroids, or structural abnormalities may interfere with fertilisation or implantation.
  • Male factor infertility: Reduced sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm morphology can hinder conception.
  • Age-related decline: Female fertility drops sharply after age 35, with egg quantity and quality decreasing over time.
  • Unexplained infertility: In about 15–20% of couples, no clear cause is found despite thorough testing.

Initial Assessment and Investigations

The first step at Monash Obstetrics is a detailed consultation with one of our fertility specialists. We will review your medical and reproductive history, perform relevant examinations, and organise investigations for both partners.

For women, investigations may include:

  • Hormonal blood tests to assess ovulation and ovarian reserve (FSH, LH, AMH, oestradiol, progesterone).
  • Ultrasound to evaluate the uterus and ovaries.
  • Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) to check if fallopian tubes are open.
  • Laparoscopy if endometriosis or pelvic adhesions are suspected.

 

For men, investigations may include:

  • Semen analysis to assess sperm count, motility and morphology.
  • Hormonal testing for testosterone and pituitary function.
  • Scrotal ultrasound if structural issues such as varicocele are suspected.

 

After a comprehensive evaluation, your specialist will discuss your results in detail and explain the next steps.

Common Fertility Treatments

Treatment is always tailored to the underlying cause and personal circumstances. Monash Obstetrics provides or coordinates a full range of fertility treatments, from lifestyle modification to advanced assisted reproductive technologies.

For women who do not ovulate regularly, medication such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole can be prescribed to stimulate ovulation. Ovulation is monitored through ultrasound and blood tests to optimise timing.

This procedure involves placing prepared sperm directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. It can be used in cases of mild male factor infertility or unexplained infertility and is often combined with ovulation induction.

IVF is one of the most successful fertility treatments available. It involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, collecting them, and fertilising them with sperm in a laboratory. The resulting embryos are cultured for several days, and one is transferred back into the uterus.

IVF may be recommended for:

  • Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
  • Severe endometriosis
  • Poor sperm quality or low count
  • Unexplained infertility
  • Advanced maternal age


Success rates vary depending on age and other factors but generally range between 30-40% per cycle for women under 35, and around 20% for women aged 40 and over.

Risks and Considerations of IVF

While IVF is generally safe, it is not without risks. These may include:

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): A rare reaction to fertility medications causing bloating, pain or fluid retention.
  • Multiple pregnancy: More likely if more than one embryo is transferred, though single-embryo transfer is now standard.
  • Ectopic pregnancy: Occurs in 2–5% of IVF conceptions.
  • Emotional stress and financial strain: Fertility treatment can be challenging both psychologically and financially.


At Monash Obstetrics, we prioritise safety and informed decision-making, taking time to explain all potential risks and success rates before proceeding.

For men with very low sperm count or abnormal sperm morphology, ICSI may be used. In this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg to assist fertilisation.
PGT can be used during IVF to test embryos for specific genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities before transfer, helping reduce miscarriage risk and improve outcomes in certain cases.

Lifestyle and Health Optimisation

Many couples can significantly improve fertility through simple lifestyle changes. Our team provides individualised advice on:

  • Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, and antioxidants supports reproductive health.
  • Weight management: Achieving a healthy body mass index (BMI) improves ovulation and sperm quality.
  • Exercise: Regular moderate activity (but not excessive training) is beneficial.
  • Smoking and alcohol cessation: Both significantly reduce fertility and increase pregnancy risks.
  • Stress reduction: Chronic stress can alter hormonal balance; mindfulness and counselling can help.


Men are also encouraged to avoid excessive heat exposure (e.g., saunas, tight underwear) and certain medications or supplements that can impair sperm quality.

Emotional and Psychological Support

Infertility can be emotionally draining, with feelings of frustration, anxiety, and isolation being common. At Monash Obstetrics, we understand that fertility treatment is not only a medical process but an emotional journey.

Our team provides compassionate, confidential support throughout your experience and can arrange referral to fertility counsellors or psychologists if needed. Support networks and fertility groups can also play a valuable role in helping couples cope with uncertainty and maintain optimism.

Male Fertility Treatments

For men with identified fertility issues, treatment options may include:

  • Surgical correction of varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum).
  • Hormonal therapy if low testosterone or pituitary dysfunction is present.
  • Surgical sperm retrieval (TESA, PESA) if sperm are not present in the ejaculate.
  • Use of donor sperm in selected cases.


Our specialists work in close collaboration with experienced andrologists and reproductive laboratories to provide comprehensive care.

Unexplained Infertility

In cases where no clear cause is identified, treatment focuses on optimising the timing of ovulation, improving general health, and considering assisted reproduction such as IUI or IVF. Even when no specific cause is found, some couples eventually conceive – either naturally or with assistance.

Why Choose Monash Obstetrics for Fertility Care

Monash Obstetrics offers an integrated approach to fertility care in Melbourne, combining clinical excellence with genuine compassion. With experienced obstetricians and gynaecologists, our team provides continuity of care from fertility investigations through to pregnancy and delivery.

We partner with a leading IVF clinic, City Fertility Centre and reproductive endocrinologists, ensuring you have access to world-class technology and expertise while maintaining personalised care under one familiar team.

Our focus is always on your goals, your health, and your emotional wellbeing – helping you move confidently toward the family you’ve always hoped for.

Book Your Consultation and Start Your Journey Today

Ready to take the next step in your health, fertility or pregnancy care? Contact us today to schedule an appointment with one of our specialist.

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